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== A procedure block.==



<source lang="sql">
PROCEDURE swapn(num_one IN OUT NUMBER, num_two IN OUT NUMBER) IS
temp_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
temp_num := num_one;
num_one := num_two;
num_two := temp_num ;
END;
/</source>

== Calling a Procedure==

You call a procedure using the CALL statement.



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
2 p_factor IN NUMBER
3 ) AS
4 v_employee_count INTEGER;
5 BEGIN
6 UPDATE employee
7 SET salary = salary * p_factor;
8 COMMIT;
9 EXCEPTION
10 WHEN OTHERS THEN
11 ROLLBACK;
12 END update_employee_salary;
13 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from employee;
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> CALL update_employee_salary(1.5);
Call completed.
SQL>
SQL> select * from employee;
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1851.84 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 9992.67 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 9817.17 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 3517.17 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 3502.17 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 6484.17 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 11846.67 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1849.17 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL></source>

== Create or replace a procedure==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> create or replace PROCEDURE swapn (num_one IN OUT NUMBER, num_two IN OUT NUMBER) IS
2 temp_num NUMBER;
3 BEGIN
4 temp_num := num_one;
5 num_one := num_two;
6 num_two := temp_num ;
7 END;
8 /
Procedure created.
SQL></source>

== Creating stored procedures==

You can store PL/SQL code inside the database.
You could store the following PL/SQL code as a standalone procedure.



<source lang="sql">
SQL> set SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL> create or replace procedure p_hello
2 is
3 v_string varchar2(256):="Hello, World!";
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line(v_string);
6 end;
7 /
Procedure created.

SQL></source>

== Decrease salary with user procedure==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(
2 EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
5 MGR NUMBER(4),
6 HIREDATE DATE,
7 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
8 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
10 );
Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2, "Jack", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3, "Wil", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(4, "Jane", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(5, "Mary", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7, "Chris", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(8, "Smart", "Helper", 4,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(9, "Peter", "Manager", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(10, "Take", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.

SQL>
SQL> select * from emp;
Enter...
2 Jack Tester 6 20-02-1981 1600 300 30
3 Wil Tester 6 22-02-1981 1250 500 30
4 Jane Designer 9 02-04-1981 2975 [N/A] 20
5 Mary Tester 6 28-09-1981 1250 1400 30
7 Chris Designer 9 09-06-1981 2450 [N/A] 10
8 Smart Helper 4 09-12-1982 3000 [N/A] 20
9 Peter Manager [N/A] 17-11-1981 5000 [N/A] 10
10 Take Tester 6 08-09-1981 1500 0 30
13 Fake Helper 4 03-12-1981 3000 [N/A] 20
9 rows selected.
SQL> create or replace
2 procedure UPDATE_EMP(p_empno number, p_decrease number) is
3 begin
4 update EMP
5 set SAL = SAL / p_decrease
6 where empno = p_empno;
7 end;
8 /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec UPDATE_EMP(1,2);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec UPDATE_EMP(1,0);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp;
Enter...
2 Jack Tester 6 20-02-1981 1600 300 30
3 Wil Tester 6 22-02-1981 1250 500 30
4 Jane Designer 9 02-04-1981 2975 [N/A] 20
5 Mary Tester 6 28-09-1981 1250 1400 30
7 Chris Designer 9 09-06-1981 2450 [N/A] 10
8 Smart Helper 4 09-12-1982 3000 [N/A] 20
9 Peter Manager [N/A] 17-11-1981 5000 [N/A] 10
10 Take Tester 6 08-09-1981 1500 0 30
13 Fake Helper 4 03-12-1981 3000 [N/A] 20
9 rows selected.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.</source>

== Demonstration of a nested procedure block==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 first_number NUMBER;
3 second_number NUMBER;
4
5 PROCEDURE swapn (num_one IN OUT NUMBER, num_two IN OUT NUMBER) IS
6 temp_num NUMBER;
7 BEGIN
8 temp_num := num_one;
9 num_one := num_two;
10 num_two := temp_num ;
11 END;
12
13 BEGIN
14
15 first_number := 10;
16 second_number := 20;
17 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("First Number = " || TO_CHAR (first_number));
18 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Second Number = " || TO_CHAR (second_number));
19
20 --Swap the values
21 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Swapping the two values now.");
22 swapn(first_number, second_number);
23
24 --Display the results
25 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("First Number = " || to_CHAR (first_number));
26 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Second Number = " || to_CHAR (second_number));
27 END;
28 /
First Number = 10
Second Number = 20
Swapping the two values now.
First Number = 20
Second Number = 10
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL></source>

== Execute a procedure==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> CREATE or replace PROCEDURE my_first_proc IS
2 greetings VARCHAR2(20);
3 BEGIN
4 greetings := "Hello World";
5 dbms_output.put_line(greetings);
6 END my_first_proc;
7 /

SQL>
SQL> EXECUTE my_first_proc;
Hello World
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> BEGIN
2 my_first_proc;
3 END;
4 /
Hello World
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL></source>

== Forward Referencing==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 PROCEDURE b (caller VARCHAR2); -- This is a forward referencing stub.
3 PROCEDURE a (caller VARCHAR2) IS
4 procedure_name VARCHAR2(1) := "A";
5 BEGIN
6 dbms_output.put_line("Procedure "A" called by ["||caller||"]");
7 b(procedure_name);
8 END;
9 PROCEDURE b (caller VARCHAR2) IS
10 procedure_name VARCHAR2(1) := "B";
11 BEGIN
12 dbms_output.put_line("Procedure "B" called by ["||caller||"]");
13 END;
14 BEGIN
15 a("Main");
16 END;
17 /
Procedure "A" called by [Main]
Procedure "B" called by [A]
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL></source>

== Insert debug line to the stored procedure with DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> set echo on
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_change_s (i_emp_id IN VARCHAR2) AS
2 BEGIN
3 UPDATE employee set City = "New" WHERE id = i_emp_id;
4
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("updated ");
6 END emp_change_s;
7 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> call emp_change_s("01");
updated
Call completed.
SQL>
SQL> select * from employee;

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 New Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL></source>

== Listing Stored Procedure Information==

Oracle provides several data dictionary views that provide information about procedures that are currently stored in your schema:
<OL><LI>all_errors: A list of current errors on all objects accessible to the user</LI><LI>all_source: Text source of all stored objects accessible to the user</LI><LI>user_objects:A list of all the objects the current user has access to</LI><LI>dba_errors:Current errors on all stored objects in the database</LI><LI>dba_object_size:All PL/SQL objects in the database</LI><LI>dba_source:Text source of all stored objects in the database</LI><LI>user_errors:Current errors on all a user"s stored objects</LI><LI>user_source:Text source of all stored objects belonging to the user</LI><LI>user_object_size:User"s PL/SQL objects</LI></OL>



<source lang="sql">
SELECT object_name, object_type
from user_objects
WHERE status = "INVALID";</source>

== Pass ROWTYPE to a procedure==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_emp (emp_rec employee%ROWTYPE) IS
2 BEGIN
3 UPDATE employee
4 SET start_date = emp_rec.start_date + 100
5 WHERE id = emp_rec.id;
6 END update_emp;
7 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 a employee%ROWTYPE;
3 BEGIN
4 a.id := "01";
5 update_emp(a);
6 END;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT * FROM employee;

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL></source>

== Procedures==

You can create a procedure that contains a group of SQL and PL/SQL statements.
Procedures allow you to centralize your business logic in the database.
Procedures may be used by any program that accesses the database.
You create a procedure using the CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
The simplified syntax for the CREATE PROCEDURE statement is as follows:



<source lang="sql">
CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name
[(parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] type [, ...])]
{IS | AS}
BEGIN
procedure_body
END procedure_name;</source>

== Storing PL/SQL procedure in the Database==



<source lang="sql">
create [or replace]
procedure procedure name (parameters)
is
...
begin
...
end;</source>

== Wrapping a task into a procedure==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 v VARCHAR2(50):= "I just printed my <in> line!";
3 procedure p_print(i_string in VARCHAR2, i_replace in VARCHAR2 := "new") is
4 begin
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(replace(i_string,"<in>", i_replace));
6 end;
7 begin
8 p_print (v,"first");
9 p_print (v,"second");
10 p_print (v);
11 end;
12 /
I just printed my first line!
I just printed my second line!
I just printed my new line!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL></source>

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