в 13:45, 26 мая 2010

2010-05-26T13:45:19Z

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2010-05-26T10:01:54Z

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==Add Primary Key==



<source lang="sql">

SQL> CREATE TABLE Employee(Employee_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 Employee_Name VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 Manager_ID NUMBER(4),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 Salary NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 Deparment_ID NUMBER(2)
9 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566, TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL, TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788, TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698, TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566, TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782, TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Department(Deparment_ID NUMBER(2),
2 Department_Name VARCHAR2(14),
3 Location VARCHAR2(13)
4 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_pk primary key(Employee_ID);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Department add constraint Department_pk primary key(Deparment_ID);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_fk_Department foreign key(Deparment_ID) references Department;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_fk_Employee foreign key(Manager_ID) references Employee;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select * from Employee;
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_N JOB MANAGER_ID START_DAT SALARY COMM DEPARMENT_ID
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_N JOB MANAGER_ID START_DAT SALARY COMM DEPARMENT_ID
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from Department;
DEPARMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
------------ -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Using table aliases in joins
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.Employee_ID, e.Start_Date,
2 e.Employee_Name,d.Department_Name, d.Location
3 FROM Employee e, Department d
4 WHERE d.Deparment_ID = e.Deparment_ID;
EMPLOYEE_ID START_DAT EMPLOYEE_N DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
----------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7369 17-DEC-80 SMITH RESEARCH DALLAS
7499 20-FEB-81 ALLEN SALES CHICAGO
7521 22-FEB-81 WARD SALES CHICAGO
7566 02-APR-81 JONES RESEARCH DALLAS
7654 28-SEP-81 MARTIN SALES CHICAGO
7698 01-MAY-81 BLAKE SALES CHICAGO
7782 09-JUN-81 CLARK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
7788 09-DEC-82 SCOTT RESEARCH DALLAS
7839 17-NOV-81 KING ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
7844 08-SEP-81 TURNER SALES CHICAGO
7876 12-JAN-83 ADAMS RESEARCH DALLAS
EMPLOYEE_ID START_DAT EMPLOYEE_N DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
----------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7900 03-DEC-81 JAMES SALES CHICAGO
7902 03-DEC-81 FORD RESEARCH DALLAS
7934 23-JAN-82 MILLER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table Department cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table Employee cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

</source>

==Add primary key and try to insert default value to it==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table another_dept as select * from dept;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table another_dept add constraint another_dept_pk primary key( deptno );
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> insert into another_dept values( 40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON" );
insert into another_dept values( 40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON" )
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS.ANOTHER_DEPT_PK) violated

SQL> insert into another_dept (loc)values( "RESTON" );
insert into another_dept (loc)values( "RESTON" )
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SYS"."ANOTHER_DEPT"."DEPTNO")

SQL>
SQL> drop table another_dept;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.
SQL>

</source>

==Add primary key as the last statement==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (
2 Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
3 PhoneNo VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone" NOT NULL,
4 CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY (Name)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> DROP TABLE myTable;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Alter a table to insert primary key and index==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> create table inventory(
2 partno number(4),
3 partdesc varchar2(35),
4 price number(8,2),
5 warehouse varchar2(15));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> Create index invent_part_loc_idx
2 On inventory (partno, warehouse);
Index created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> Alter table inventory add (
2 Constraint invent_partno_pk primary key (partno)
3 Using index invent_part_loc_idx);
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table inventory;
Table dropped.
SQL>

</source>

==Alter table to add primary key==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> create table emp (
2 id number(6) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table emp
2 add constraint emp_pk
3 primary key (id);
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Alter table to primary key and check it in user_ind_columns and user_cons_columns==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> set echo off
SQL> create table emp(
2 emp_id integer
3 ,lastname varchar2(20) constraint lastname_create_nn not null
4 ,firstname varchar2(15) constraint firstname_create_nn not null
5 ,midinit varchar2(1)
6 ,street varchar2(30)
7 ,city varchar2(20)
8 ,state varchar2(2)
9 ,zip varchar2(5)
10 ,shortZipCode varchar2(4)
11 ,area_code varchar2(3)
12 ,phone varchar2(8)
13 ,company_name varchar2(50));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create unique index pk_idx on emp (emp_id);
Index created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table emp add (constraint pk_alter primary key(emp_id));
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select index_name, table_name, column_name from user_ind_columns where table_name = "emp";
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> select constraint_name, table_name, column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = "emp";
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints;
Table dropped.

</source>

==DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX exception.==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE lecturer (
2 id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
3 first_name VARCHAR2(20),
4 last_name VARCHAR2(20),
5 major VARCHAR2(30),
6 current_credits NUMBER(3)
7 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10001, "Scott", "Lawson","Computer Science", 11);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major, current_credits)
2 VALUES (10002, "Mar", "Wells","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10003, "Jone", "Bliss","Computer Science", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10004, "Man", "Kyte","Economics", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10005, "Pat", "Poll","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10006, "Tim", "Viper","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10007, "Barbara", "Blues","Economics", 7);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10008, "David", "Large","Music", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10009, "Chris", "Elegant","Nutrition", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10010, "Rose", "Bond","Music", 7);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10011, "Rita", "Johnson","Nutrition", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
2 VALUES (10012, "Sharon", "Clear","Computer Science", 3);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name)
3 VALUES (20000, "John", "Smith");
4 INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name)
5 VALUES (20000, "Susan", "Ryan");
6 END;
7 /
BEGIN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (sqle.SYS_C006710) violated
ORA-06512: at line 4

SQL>
SQL> select * from lecturer;
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME MAJOR CURRENT_CREDITS
-------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
######## Scott Lawson Computer Science 11.00
######## Mar Wells History 4.00
######## Jone Bliss Computer Science 8.00
######## Man Kyte Economics 8.00
######## Pat Poll History 4.00
######## Tim Viper History 4.00
######## Barbara Blues Economics 7.00
######## David Large Music 4.00
######## Chris Elegant Nutrition 8.00
######## Rose Bond Music 7.00
######## Rita Johnson Nutrition 8.00
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME MAJOR CURRENT_CREDITS
-------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
######## Sharon Clear Computer Science 3.00
12 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table lecturer;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

</source>

==Joined primary key==



<source lang="sql">

SQL> CREATE TABLE store (
2 store_id VARCHAR2(12) CONSTRAINT store_pk PRIMARY KEY,
3 store_name VARCHAR2(15),
4 city VARCHAR2(25),
5 state VARCHAR2(2),
6 region VARCHAR2(2),
7 zip VARCHAR2(5));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE pc (
2 pc_id VARCHAR2(12) CONSTRAINT prod_pk PRIMARY KEY,
3 prod_desc VARCHAR2(15),
4 upc NUMBER,
5 brand VARCHAR2(12),
6 category VARCHAR2(12),
7 department VARCHAR2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE promotion (
2 promo_id varchar2(12) CONSTRAINT promo_pk PRIMARY KEY,
3 promo_name varchar2(15),
4 promo_type varchar2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE FinancialYear (
2 time_id DATE CONSTRAINT time_pk PRIMARY KEY,
3 month NUMBER,
4 quarter NUMBER,
5 year NUMBER,
6 season VARCHAR2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE SALES (
2 time_id DATE NOT NULL CONSTRAINT time_fk REFERENCES FinancialYear(time_id),
3 store_id VARCHAR2(12) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT store_fk REFERENCES store(store_id),
4 pc_id VARCHAR2(12) NOT NULL,
5 promo_id VARCHAR2(12) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT promo_fk REFERENCES promotion(promo_id),
6 units NUMBER,
7 dollars NUMBER,
8 cost NUMBER,
9 CONSTRAINT sales_pk PRIMARY KEY (time_id, store_id, pc_id, promo_id)
10 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table sales;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table FinancialYear;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table promotion;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table pc;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table store;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Setting primary key as declaring the column==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (
2 Name VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
3 PhoneNo VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone" NOT NULL
4 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table myTable;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> -- Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE supplier
2 ( supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
3 supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 contact_name varchar2(50),
5 CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE products
2 ( product_id numeric(10) not null,
3 supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
4 supplier_name varchar2(50) not null
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER TABLE products
2 add CONSTRAINT fk_supplier
3 FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id)
4 REFERENCES supplier(supplier_id)
5 ON DELETE CASCADE;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> desc products;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> desc supplier;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
SUPPLIER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
CONTACT_NAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
SQL> drop table products cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table supplier cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

</source>

==Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete for more than one column==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL> -- Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete for more than one column
SQL> CREATE TABLE supplier
2 ( supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
3 supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 contact_name varchar2(50),
5 CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name)
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE products
2 ( product_id numeric(10) not null,
3 supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
4 supplier_name varchar2(50) not null
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER TABLE products
2 add CONSTRAINT fk_supplier
3 FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name)
4 REFERENCES supplier(supplier_id, supplier_name)
5 ON DELETE CASCADE;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> desc products;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> desc supplier;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
SUPPLIER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
SUPPLIER_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
CONTACT_NAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
SQL> drop table products cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table supplier cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

</source>

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Oracle PL/SQL/Constraints/Add Primary Key - История изменений

в 13:45, 26 мая 2010

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